Dampak Program BPJS Kesehatan terhadap Akses dan Utilisasi Layanan Maternal di Indonesia: Studi Cross-Sectional Multi-Regional
Keywords:
BPJS Kesehatan, kesehatan maternal, antenatal care, persalinan, Universal Health CoverageAbstract
Kesehatan maternal merupakan indikator penting kinerja sistem kesehatan, namun bukti empiris mengenai efektivitas jaminan kesehatan nasional dalam meningkatkan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan maternal masih menunjukkan hasil yang belum konsisten, terutama antarwilayah dan kelompok sosial ekonomi. Di Indonesia, implementasi Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) melalui BPJS Kesehatan bertujuan mengurangi hambatan finansial dalam akses layanan maternal. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian sebelumnya berfokus pada satu indikator layanan atau analisis tingkat nasional, sehingga pemahaman mengenai pengaruh kepesertaan BPJS terhadap berbagai dimensi layanan kesehatan maternal pada konteks regional yang beragam masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara kepesertaan BPJS Kesehatan dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan maternal, meliputi antenatal care (ANC), tempat persalinan, dan penanganan komplikasi maternal. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan pendekatan kuantitatif pada 578 ibu yang melahirkan dalam 12 bulan terakhir di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Barat. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik biner dengan pengendalian faktor sosio-demografis dan geografis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peserta BPJS memiliki peluang lebih tinggi untuk melakukan kunjungan ANC ≥4 kali, melahirkan di fasilitas kesehatan, serta memperoleh penanganan komplikasi maternal yang tepat dan cepat dibandingkan non-peserta. Dampak kepesertaan BPJS lebih kuat pada perempuan yang tinggal di wilayah perdesaan dan kelompok ekonomi rendah. Kesimpulannya, BPJS Kesehatan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan maternal dan mengurangi kesenjangan akses, namun penguatan mutu layanan dan sistem rujukan tetap diperlukan untuk memaksimalkan dampaknya.
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