Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Heat Stress dan Stabilitas Obat Terapi Kardiovaskular di Daerah Tropis
Keywords:
Perubahan iklim, heat stress, obat kardiovaskular, kedokteran tropis, stabilitas obatAbstract
Perubahan iklim dan peningkatan suhu menimbulkan tantangan signifikan bagi kesehatan kardiovaskular dan stabilitas obat di daerah tropis. Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara heat stress akibat perubahan iklim dengan stabilitas obat terapi kardiovaskular pada kondisi tropis. Observational longitudinal study dilakukan pada tahun 2025 di empat kabupaten di Sulawesi Barat dan Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Seratus responden dengan penyakit kardiovaskular direkrut dan dibagi merata di Mamuju (Sulawesi Barat), Toraja Utara (Sulawesi Selatan), Makassar (Sulawesi Selatan), dan Bantaeng (Sulawesi Selatan). Monitoring suhu lingkungan, penilaian heat stress, dan pengujian stabilitas obat kardiovaskular dilakukan selama 12 bulan. Luaran kardiovaskular dan efikasi obat responden dievaluasi melalui penilaian klinis terstandar. Rata-rata suhu lingkungan berkisar antara 28,5°C hingga 34,2°C di seluruh lokasi penelitian, dengan tingkat kelembapan 75-85%. Gejala heat stress dilaporkan oleh 78% responden, dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Makassar (88%). Analisis stabilitas obat menunjukkan degradasi signifikan pada obat kardiovaskular esensial: amlodipine mengalami penurunan potensi 12,3%, metoprolol 15,8%, dan furosemide 18,7% setelah 6 bulan penyimpanan kondisi tropis. Responden yang mengalami heat stress berat menunjukkan risiko 2,3 kali lebih tinggi untuk komplikasi kardiovaskular (95% CI: 1,4-3,8, p=0,001). Perubahan iklim berdampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan kardiovaskular melalui heat stress dan efikasi obat melalui percepatan degradasi obat di lingkungan tropis. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya strategi pelayanan kesehatan yang adaptif terhadap iklim dan solusi penyimpanan farmasi yang lebih baik di daerah tropis.
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