Analisis Dampak Jangka Panjang COVID-19 terhadap Gangguan Kecemasan pada Generasi Z
Keywords:
COVID-19, Dampak pandemi, Gangguan kecemasan, Generasi Z, Kesehatan mentalAbstract
Pandemi COVID-19 menimbulkan tantangan kesehatan mental yang signifikan dan berkelanjutan, khususnya pada Generasi Z. Meskipun banyak penelitian melaporkan peningkatan kecemasan selama fase awal pandemi, bukti mengenai dampak jangka panjangnya masih tersebar dan belum tersintesis secara komprehensif. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak jangka panjang pandemi COVID-19 terhadap gangguan kecemasan pada Generasi Z, dengan menelaah pola prevalensi, faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi, serta implikasi bagi intervensi dan kebijakan kesehatan mental. Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan sesuai pedoman PRISMA terhadap 89 artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara 2020–2025, yang diidentifikasi melalui basis data PubMed, Web of Science, dan basis data institusional. Studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan sintesis naratif, mengingat adanya heterogenitas desain penelitian, karakteristik sampel, dan instrumen pengukuran kecemasan. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kecemasan pada Generasi Z berkisar antara 31,9% hingga 50,9%, secara konsisten lebih tinggi dibandingkan estimasi pra-pandemi. Faktor utama yang berkontribusi meliputi isolasi sosial berkepanjangan, gangguan pendidikan, ketidakpastian ekonomi, serta paparan media sosial yang berlebihan. Selain itu, ditemukan bukti adanya gejala kecemasan yang persisten pasca-pandemi, penurunan resiliensi, dan peningkatan kerentanan terhadap stres di masa depan, terutama pada subkelompok rentan seperti perempuan, individu dari latar belakang sosial ekonomi rendah, serta minoritas seksual dan gender. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa dampak psikologis pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Generasi Z bersifat jangka panjang dan kompleks, sehingga memerlukan intervensi kesehatan mental yang terarah, kebijakan kesehatan mental remaja yang responsif, serta peran aktif institusi pendidikan dalam mendukung pemulihan psikososial generasi muda.
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